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Objective: To analyze the diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi in Corydali yanhusuo tuber and their correlations with tetrahydropalmatine content. Methods The endophytic fungi in C. yanhusuo tuber from eight localities (Pan’an of Zhejiang Province, Dongyang of Zhejiang Province, Jinyun of Zhejiang Province, Sanhe of Shanxi Province, Dongjiaying of Shanxi Province, Kaixian of Chongqing, Xuancheng of Anhui Province and Xinyang of Henan Province) were isolated and identified according to the morphology and ITS sequences, so as to analyze the community structure of endophytic fungi; HPLC was used to determine tetrahydropalmatine content, and Excel and SPSS were used to analyze their correlations and establish multiple linear regression equations at different levels of dominant genera and species. Results: A total of 1 742 endophytic fungi were isolated and divided into 19 taxa (14 were identified to species level and five to genera level), belonging to 3 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 14 families and 15 genera; The tetrahydropalmatine content in C. yanhusuo tuber from eight localities was higher than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition); The richness (S) and diversity index (H’) of endophytic fungi in C. yanhusuo tuber and tetrahydropalmatine content in Zhejiang Province were extremely significant or significantly higher than those in the other localities. The diversity index (H’) was significantly positive correlated with the tetrahydropalmatine content; There was the largest positive correlation between the tetrahydropalmatine content and T83 (Trichoderma sp.) (correlation coefficient: 0.793). Conclusion: There are abundant endophytic fungi resources in C. yanhusuo; T83 as a dominant endophytic fungus probably related to the accumulation of tetrahydropalmatine.
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Objective: To establish a spectrum-effect relationship betweent anti-inflammation effects and extracts of Corydalis yanhusuo, in order to provide ideas and methods for study of material basis of efficacy. Methods UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to establishe fingerprints of different extracts of C. yanhusuo, and the flurescent enzyme was used as a marker to perform the anti-inflammation activity test. Finally, the relationships between characteristic peaks and anti-inflammation activity was established by partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) and gray relational analysis (GRA). The anti-inflammatory component obtained by spectral effect analysis was predicted by molecular docking technology, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism was preliminarily studied. Results:The 95% ethanol extract had significant anti-inflammatory activity. The characteristic peaks of No. 5 and 8-11 were significantly affected in PLSR and GRA. Molecular docking results showed that C. yanhusuo exerted anti-inflammatory effects by acting on PKC, ERK2, IKKβ, JAK1, PI3K-α, PI3K-γ, TNF-α, affecting the transmission of inflammatory signals. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of C. yanhusuo is the result of the combination of various components. The main anti-inflammatory components are coptisine, berberine, palmatine, dihydrogenine, and dehydrocryptine, which exert anti-inflammatory effects by affecting PI3K, JAK, PKC, ERK, IKKβ, and TNF-α signaling pathways.
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Objective: To study the effect of applying diammonium phosphate on the yield and quality of Corydalis yanhusuo. Methods: By designing different gradient diammonium phosphate amount, the main growth indicators at different fertilizer amount were observed and recorded under the same planting condition. The contents of total ash, alcohol soluble extract, and tetrahydropalmatine were measured and analyzed after harvest according to the requirement of 2015 edition Pharmacopeia. Results: The tubers growth of C. yanhusuo was the most flourishing with the highest drying rate of 33.7% at diammonium phosphate application amount of 375 kg/hm2. Tuber diameter was the largest (2.57 cm), the fresh yield was the highest (5 482.2 kg/hm2), and the yield was increased to 38.2% than that without fertilizer cultivation. The content of total ash (3.0%) was the lowest. The contents of alcohol soluble extract and tetrahydropalmatine were 24.8% and 0.128%, respectively. Conclusion: Applying diammonium phosphate could increase the yield and quality of C. yanhusuo.
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Corydalis yanhusuo and its active ingredients dl-THP have clear efficacy of analgesia, as well as the effect on vasodilatation, cardiac muscle protection, antibiosis, and anti-inflammation, thus they are used for the treatment of various disease. In recent years, C. yanhusuo is widely used for the treatment of drug addiction. In this paper, the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacologic actions of C. yanhusuo are reviewed, which provide the scientific basis for its modernization research and comprehensive utilization.
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Objective To find out the optimal supercritical CO2 fluid extr ac tion prosess for Tetrahydropalmatine. Methods The extraction process was optimiz ed by orthogonal design with the yield of Tetrahydropalmatine as markers. Three factors including extraction pressure, temperature and the volume of entrainer were observed. Results The optimal condition of supercritical CO2 fluid extrac tion process was: under the pressure of 15Mpa at 40 ℃ , 1.5 fold of 95 % EtO H with Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang as the entrainer. Conclusion The optimal supe rcritical process is feasible, with the advantage of low temperature and energy consumption, short time, high production and no organic residua.